Kang Xu, Army Research Laboratory, has extensive expertise in electrolytes and interphasial chemistries. He is an authority in electrolyte materials and fundamental science of interphases; high voltage non-aqueous, aqueous and hybrid electrolytes; non-flammable electrolytes; solvation-interphase correlation; and the interphase-formation mechanism model, In addition, he holds 12 patents. Xu’s professional activities include being the co-founder and Steering Committee Member of Center of Research on Extreme Batteries; Advisory Board Member, ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces; Associate Editor, Energy and Environmental Materials; and Associate Editor, Electrochemistry.

Ma, L.; Vatamanu, J.; Hahn, N. T.; Pollard, T. P.; Borodin, O.; Petkov, V.; Schroeder, M. A.; Ren, Y.; Ding, M. S.; Luo, C.; Allen, J. L.; Wang, C.; Xu, K., “Highly reversible Zn metal anode enabled by sustainable hydroxyl chemistry“, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, June 08, 2022, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121138119. Xu, K., “Navigating the minefield of battery literature“, Communications Materials, May 18, 2022, DOI: 10.1038/s43246-022-00251-5. Ho, J. S.; Zhu, Z.; Stallworth, P.; Greenbaum, S. G.; Zhang, S. S.; Xu, K., “Quantifying Lithium Ion Exchange in Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) on Graphite Anode Surfaces“, Inorganics, May 17, 2022, DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10050064. Hou, X.; Pollard, T. P.; He, X.; Du, L.; Ju, X.; Zhao, W.; Li, M.; Wang, J.; Paillard, E.; Lin, H.; Sun, J.; Xu, K.; Borodin, O.; Winter, M.; Li, J., ““Water-in-Eutectogel” Electrolytes for Quasi-Solid-State Aqueous Lithium-Ion Batteries”, Advanced Energy Materials, May 06, 2022, DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202200401. Pastel, G. R.; Chen, Y.; Pollard, T. P.; Schroeder, M. A.; Bowden, M. E.; Zheng, A.; Hahn, N. T.; Ma, L.; Murugesan, V.; Ho, J.; Garaga, M.; Borodin, O.; Mueller, K.; Greenbaum, S.; Xu, K., “A sobering examination of the feasibility of aqueous aluminum batteries“, Energy & Environmental Science, April 23, 2022, DOI: 10.1039/d2ee00134a. Ma, L.; Pollard, T. P.; Zhang, Y.; Schroeder, M. A.; Ren, X.; Han, K. S.; Ding, M. S.; Cresce, A. V.; Atwater, T. B.; Mars, J.; Cao, L.; Steinrück, H. G.; Mueller, K. T.; Toney, M. F.; Hourwitz, M.; Fourkas, J. T.; Maginn, E. J.; Wang, C.; Borodin, O.; Xu, K., “Ammonium enables reversible aqueous Zn battery chemistries by tailoring the interphase“, One Earth, April 15, 2022, DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2022.03.012. Xu, K.; Xu, W.; Zhang, S. S., “Austen Angell’s legacy in electrolyte research“, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: X, March 08, 2022, DOI: 10.1016/j.nocx.2022.100088. Ma, Z.; Chen, J.; Vatamanu, J.; Borodin, O.; Bedrov, D.; Zhou, X.; Zhang, W.; Li, W.; Xu, K.; Xing, L., “Expanding the low-temperature and high-voltage limits of aqueous lithium-ion battery“, Energy Storage Materials, December 29, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2021.12.045. Yu, Z.; Balsara, N. P.; Borodin, O.; Gewirth, A. A.; Hahn, N. T.; Maginn, E. J.; Persson, K. A.; Srinivasan, V.; Toney, M. F.; Xu, K.; Zavadil, K. R.; Curtiss, L. A.; Cheng, L., “Beyond Local Solvation Structure: Nanometric Aggregates in Battery Electrolytes and Their Effect on Electrolyte Properties“, ACS Energy Letters, December 29, 2021, DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c02391. Khudiyev, T.; Grena, B.; Loke, G.; Hou, G.; Jang, H.; Lee, J.; Noel, G. H.; Alain, J.; Joannopoulos, J.; Xu, K.; Li, J.; Fink, Y.; Lee, J. T., “Thermally drawn rechargeable battery fiber enables pervasive power“, Materials Today, December 20, 2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2021.11.020. Hou, X.; Pollard, T. P.; Zhao, W.; He, X.; Ju, X.; Wang, J.; Du, L.; Paillard, E.; Lin, H.; Xu, K.; Borodin, O.; Winter, M.; Li, J., “Simultaneous Formation of Interphases on both Positive and Negative Electrodes in High-Voltage Aqueous Lithium-Ion Batteries“, Small, December 01, 2021, DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104986. Ma, L.; Lee, J. Z.; Pollard, T. P.; Schroeder, M. A.; Limpert, M. A.; Craven, B.; Fess, S.; Rustomji, C. S.; Wang, C.; Borodin, O.; Xu, K., “High-Efficiency Zinc-Metal Anode Enabled by Liquefied Gas Electrolytes“, ACS Energy Letters, November 19, 2021, DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c02084. Xiang, Y.; Tao, M.; Zhong, G.; Liang, Z.; Zheng, G.; Huang, X.; Liu, X.; Jin, Y.; Xu, N.; Armand, M.; Zhang, J. G.; Xu, K.; Fu, R.; Yang, Y., “Quantitatively analyzing the failure processes of rechargeable Li metal batteries“, Science Advances, November 10, 2021, DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj3423. Ho, J. S.; Borodin, O. A.; Ding, M. S.; Ma, L.; Schroeder, M. A.; Pastel, G. R.; Xu, K., “Understanding Lithium-ion Transport in Sulfolane- and Tetraglyme-based Electrolytes using Very Low Frequency Impedance Spectroscopy“, Energy & Environmental Materials, October 31, 2021, DOI: 10.1002/eem2.12302. Yang, C.; Wu, Q.; Xie, W.; Zhang, X.; Brozena, A.; Zheng, J.; Garaga, M. N.; Ko, B. H.; Mao, Y.; He, S.; Gao, Y.; Wang, P.; Tyagi, M.; Jiao, F.; Briber, R.; Albertus, P.; Wang, C.; Greenbaum, S.; Hu, Y. Y.; Isogai, A.; Winter, M.; Xu, K.; Qi, Y.; Hu, L., “Copper-coordinated cellulose ion conductors for solid-state batteries“, Nature, October 20, 2021, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03885-6. Ding, M. S.; Xu, K., “A Thermoconductometric Study of Transient Behavior of Liquid Electrolytes at Phase Transition“, Journal of Physical Chemistry C, October 13, 2021, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c07057. Wang, F.; Blanc, L. E.; Li, Q.; Faraone, A.; Ji, X.; Chen-Mayer, H. H.; Paul, R. L.; Dura, J. A.; Hu, E.; Xu, K.; Nazar, L. F.; Wang, C., “Quantifying and Suppressing Proton Intercalation to Enable High-Voltage Zn-Ion Batteries“, Advanced Energy Materials, October 04, 2021, DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202102016. Cao, C.; Pollard, T. P.; Borodin, O.; Mars, J. E.; Tsao, Y.; Lukatskaya, M. R.; Kasse, R. M.; Schroeder, M. A.; Xu, K.; Toney, M. F.; Steinruck, H. G., “Toward Unraveling the Origin of Lithium Fluoride in the Solid Electrolyte Interphase“, Chemistry of Materials, September 14, 2021, DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c01744. Huang, B.; Rao, R. R.; You, S.; Myint, K. H.; Song, Y.; Wang, Y.; Ding, W.; Giordano, L.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, T.; Muy, S.; Katayama, Y.; Grossman, J. C.; Willard, A. P.; Xu, K.; Jiang, Y.; Shao-Horn, Y., “Cation- and pH-Dependent Hydrogen Evolution and Oxidation Reaction Kinetics“, JACS Au, August 25, 2021, DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00281. Li, J.; Hou, X.; Wang, R.; He, X.; Pollard, T. P.; Ju, X.; Du, L.; Paillard, E.; Frielinghaus, H.; Barnsley, L. C.; Borodin, O.; Xu, K.; Winter, M., “Stabilizing the solid-electrolyte interphase with polyacrylamide for high-voltage aqueous lithium-ion batteries“, Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, August 11, 2021, DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107252.