(1) Processes that determine change in population size and which individuals recruit successfully Into local breeding populations, with recent emphasis on spruce grouse, red squirrels and American woodcocks as vehicles for study. Specifically, to investigate for causes to dispersal of juveniles from natal range and impact of dispersal on population trend; the relative impact of production and mortality upon population change; and variation in individual behaviour for acquiring territories. (2) Role of habitat quality in driving wildlife population change and how to design actions In order to manage wildlife at the spatial and temporal scales that forest management operates. Specifically, selection of alternative habitat by American marten in the face of declining mature forest; ways that we can use animal communities as indexes for ecosystem processes, to learn about the effects generated from our changes of forest lands; to explore hierarchical scales of landscape for setting wildlife and forest management objectives.