Senior Research Professor, Ph.D., Queen's University (Kingston), 1973, postdoctoral studies at Cornell University. Active transport of CO2 and HCO3- by cyanobacteria; studies on photosynthetic electron transport in cyanobacteria and purple sulphur bacteria; the mechanism of O2 photoreduction by cyanobacteria; the role of carboxysomes in cyanobacterial photosynthesis.