Postdoctoral Research Fellow, SUNY Buffalo, (1980-82) Senior Visiting Research Fellow, University of Southampton, UK (1976-77) Ph.D. University of Southampton, UK (1969) B.Sc. College of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq (1965)

Primary research interest is molten salts chemistry: spectroscopic thermogravimetric and electrochemical studies of species and reactions (acid-base, redox, and complex formation) in molten salts. Other areas of interest are strengths of oxo acids and supramolecular chemistry.